{"id":3116,"date":"2015-05-20T04:22:57","date_gmt":"2015-05-20T04:22:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.enago.tw\/blog\/?p=3116"},"modified":"2020-07-29T10:55:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-29T10:55:44","slug":"%e8%b3%aa%e6%80%a7%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%a5%bd%e8%99%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ulatus.tw\/academy\/%e8%b3%aa%e6%80%a7%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%a5%bd%e8%99%95\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u597d\u8655"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u597d\u8655\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30001.\u3000<\/strong><strong>\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u983b\u7387\u548c\u6578\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u79d1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u66f4\u591a\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u53ef\u8907\u88fd\u6027\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u79d1\u5247\u66f4\u91cd\u8996\u4e86\u89e3\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30002.\u3000<\/strong><strong>\u6b78\u7d0d\u800c\u975e\u6f14\u7e79\uff08<\/strong><strong>Inductive, not deductive<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u6b78\u7d0d\u6cd5\u800c\u975e\u6f14\u7e79\u6cd5\uff0c\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u53bb\u64cd\u63a7\u8b8a\u91cf\u548c\u8f49\u63db\u6578\u64da\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u5e36\u8457\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u610f\u5716\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c07\u7814\u7a76\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u610f\u898b\u548c\u5fc3\u5f97\u9ad4\u6703\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u8a2a\u8ac7\u548c\u5718\u9ad4\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5728\u5834\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u54e1\u6216\u662f\u7126\u9ede\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u88ab\u9810\u5148\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u7684\u63a1\u8a2a\u554f\u984c\u7d66\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5373\u6642\u4e14\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u521d\u59cb\u53cd\u6620\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30003.\u3000<\/strong><strong>\u8cea\u6027\u7406\u8ad6<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><em>\u73fe<\/em><em>\u8c61\u5b78<\/em><em>Phenomenology<\/em><\/span> \u2013\u901a\u904e\u6558\u4e8b\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u200b\u200b\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u771f\u5be6\u9ad4\u9a57\u201d<\/li>\n<li><em>\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c<\/em><em>Ethnography<\/em> \u2013 \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u63cf\u7e6a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6587\u5316\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u63a2\u7a76\u51fa\u201d\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u201d<\/li>\n<li><em>\u7d2e\u6839\u7406\u8ad6<\/em><em>Grounded Theory <\/em>\u2013 \u53c8\u7a31\u57fa\u790e\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u7531\u845b\u62c9\u745f(B. G. Glaser)\u548c\u53f2\u7279\u52de\u601d(A. L. Strauss)\u65bc1967\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u900f\u904e<strong>\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u8207\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u904e\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u7a81\u986f\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u4e26\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u6b64\u7406\u8ad6\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u95dc\u65bc\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5c6c\u65bc\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b78\u6839\u5230\u5e95\u5b83\u90fd\u96b8\u5c6c\u65bc\u6b78\u7d0d\u6cd5\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u30004.\u3000\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5169\u5927\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u8003\u616e\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u900f\u904e\u76f4\u63a5\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4f86\u6536\u96c6\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u52de\u52d5\u6295\u5165\u5927\u589e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6578\u64da\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u6216\u662f\u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u6642\u8a2a\u8ac7\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u8f03\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u76f8\u6bd4\u5c31\u4e0d\u5982\u91cf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u597d\u8655\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5462\uff1f \u30001.\u3000\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u983b\u7387\u548c\u6578\u91cf \u8207\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u79d1\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u66f4\u591a\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u53ef\u8907\u88fd\u6027\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u79d1\u5247\u66f4\u91cd\u8996\u4e86\u89e3\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u8907\u88fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002 \u30002.\u3000\u6b78\u7d0d\u800c\u975e\u6f14\u7e79\uff08Inductive, not deductive\uff09 \u7c21\u55ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u6b78\u7d0d\u6cd5\u800c\u975e\u6f14\u7e79\u6cd5\uff0c\u8cea\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u53bb\u64cd\u63a7\u8b8a\u91cf\u548c\u8f49\u63db\u6578\u64da\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u6578\u64da\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u5e36\u8457\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u610f\u5716\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c07\u7814\u7a76\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u610f\u898b\u548c\u5fc3\u5f97\u9ad4\u6703\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u8a2a\u8ac7\u548c\u5718\u9ad4\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u52d5\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5728\u5834\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u54e1\u6216\u662f\u7126\u9ede\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u4ea4\u969b\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u88ab\u9810\u5148\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u7684\u63a1\u8a2a\u554f\u984c\u7d66\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5373\u6642\u4e14\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u521d\u59cb\u53cd\u6620\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002 \u30003.\u3000\u8cea\u6027\u7406\u8ad6 \u73fe\u8c61\u5b78Phenomenology \u2013\u901a\u904e\u6558\u4e8b\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u200b\u200b\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u771f\u5be6\u9ad4\u9a57\u201d \u6c11\u65cf\u8a8cEthnography \u2013 \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u63cf\u7e6a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6587\u5316\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8a2a\u8ac7\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u63a2\u7a76\u51fa\u201d\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u201d \u7d2e\u6839\u7406\u8ad6Grounded Theory \u2013 \u53c8\u7a31\u57fa\u790e\u7406\u8ad6\u6216\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u7531\u845b\u62c9\u745f(B. G. Glaser)\u548c\u53f2\u7279\u52de\u601d(A. L. 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