{"id":3607,"date":"2016-10-14T12:23:38","date_gmt":"2016-10-14T12:23:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.tw\/blog\/?p=3607"},"modified":"2020-07-28T07:08:03","modified_gmt":"2020-07-28T07:08:03","slug":"experts-take-problems-faced-by-the-scientific-community","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ulatus.tw\/academy\/experts-take-problems-faced-by-the-scientific-community\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5c08\u5bb6\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u554f\u984c"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u57282016 \u5e74\u7684\u3008\u4e0d\u826f\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5929\u64c7\u3009(The Natural Selection of Bad Science) \u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005 Smaldino \u53ca Maelreath \u64b0\u8ff0\u4e86\u734e\u52f5\u751f\u6daf\u6210\u5c31\u800c\u975e\u79d1\u5b78\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u4fdd\u5b88\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u300c\u9078\u64c7\u58d3\u529b\u300d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u9019\u985e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u96e3\u627e\u5230\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u88fd\u85e5\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e38\u6703\u5229\u7528\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u6bd2\u6210\u5206\u53ca\u85e5\u6548\u8a55\u4f30\u4f86\u6bd4\u8f03\u6578\u767e\u7a2e\u6cbb\u7642\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u7522\u51fa\u5e7e\u5341\u500b\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u6e2c\u8a66\u5408\u6210\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7af6\u722d\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u767c\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u8cc7\u91d1\u5145\u88d5\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u96e3\u4ee5\u5c0d\u7d50\u679c\u53ef\u9810\u898b\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7d5e\u76e1\u8166\u6c41\u53d6\u5f97\u4f86\u81ea\u59a5\u5584\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u91d1\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u6b63\u7576\u6fc0\u52f5\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8cc7\u91d1\u5331\u4e4f\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u7576\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u91d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6703\u60f3\u76e1\u8fa6\u6cd5\u6c89\u6eba\u65bc\u8271\u6df1\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u9a57\u8b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6c89\u6eba\u65bc\u50f9\u683c\u4f4e\u3001\u6280\u8853\u597d\u3001\u80af\u5949\u737b\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5e73\u5eb8\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u53d7\u5230\u9f13\u52f5\uff0c\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u751f\u6daf\u524d\u9014\u7684\u9eef\u6de1\u3002<\/p>\n

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\"orchid-4\"\u201c\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u61c9\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u535a\u58eb (12\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u79d1\u5b78\u53ca\u7de8\u8f2f\u7d93\u9a57, \u82f1\u570b)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u64da\u805e\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u5f8b\u5e2b Gustave Depth \u66fe\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4ee5\u5f80\u8a8d\u70ba\u6700\u9ebb\u7169\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u55aa\u5931\u3001\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u50be\u9839\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c23\u5019\u7684\u7570\u8b8a\u3002\u6211\u9084\u4ee5\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u8655\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6211\u932f\u4e86\uff0c\u539f\u4f86\u6700\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u662f\u79c1\u5fc3\u3001\u8caa\u6b32\u8207\u6f20\u8996\u2026\u2026\u300d\u5c31\u6211\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b64\u8a71\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\u2014\u2014\u554f\u984c\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u5728\u9280\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u5927\u5b78\u6f38\u4ee5\u4f01\u696d\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u790e\u79d1\u5b78\u6399\u4e0d\u4e86\u9280\u5b50\uff08\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6399\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u5b78\u4e0d\u6703\u505a\u9019\u7a2e\u4e8b\uff09\u3002\u76e1\u5feb\u51fa\u7248\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c\u4e5f\u662f\u91d1\u9322\uff0c\u9023\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u640d\u5931\u6216\u5065\u5168\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8a2d\u8a08\u7686\u5982\u662f\u3002\u91d1\u9322\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5408\u7d04\u7684\u671f\u9650\uff1b\u91d1\u9322\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u505c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u8a2d\u5099\u4f86\u4fdd\u6301\u9818\u5148\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6b65\u4e0a\u6c38\u7121\u6b62\u76e1\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6295\u8cc7\u7af6\u8cfd\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u52a0\u5feb\u767c\u8868\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5b78\u8853\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0d\u66a2\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u61c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u50b3\u64ad\u8005\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u6e96\u5247\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u767c\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"orchid-5\"\u201c\u79d1\u5b78\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8207\u4eba\u6c23\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u78a9\u58eb (11\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u82f1\u65e5\u8a9e\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7d93\u9a57, \u65e5\u672c)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u5e73\u4e26\u975e\u901a\u904e\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u8a55\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8cc7\u91d1\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6578\u91cf\u6216\u5f15\u767c\u516c\u773e\u591a\u5927\u8208\u8da3\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6de1\u8584\uff0c\u537b\u8207\u6d41\u884c\u71b1\u5ea6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u9020\u6210\u9019\u4e00\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e0d\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u7dad\u6301\u3002\u57fa\u91d1\u5c07\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5167\u5bb9\u3001\u6210\u679c\u767c\u8868\u53ca\u98a8\u96aa\u7522\u751f\u6df1\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u9019\u5c07\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u60e1\u6027\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u8cc7\u52a9\u548c\u57fa\u91d1\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u767c\u8868\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u70ba\u4e86\u767c\u8868\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53c8\u5fc5\u9808\u5f97\u5230\u967d\u6027\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5c07\u9078\u64c7\u6613\u65bc\u767c\u8868\u7684\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u767c\u8868\u6709\u5931\u504f\u9817\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4f86\u5438\u5f15\u8cc7\u52a9\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u5c07\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u5f15\u767c\u5176\u4ed6\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6fc0\u52f5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c0e\u81f4\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u5145\u5206\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7d50\u679c\u91cd\u8907\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8cc7\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u5be9\u4e0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u6216\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\u8017\u8cc7\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u5411\u516c\u773e\u666e\u53ca\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e74\u8f15\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u627f\u53d7\u5de8\u5927\u58d3\u529b\u537b\u56de\u5831\u5be5\u5be5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u7121\u8ad6\u8cc7\u6df1\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9084\u662f\u5e74\u8f15\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u5df2\u6beb\u7121\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u800c\u662f\u8aaa\u660e\u7576\u4eca\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u4e9f\u5f85\u6539\u6b63\uff0c\u4f86\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5168\u8eab\u5fc3\u6295\u5165\u5230\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005 Smaldino \u53ca Maelreath 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