{"id":8404,"date":"2024-10-29T14:24:27","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T14:24:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ulatus.tw\/academy\/?p=8404"},"modified":"2024-11-10T15:09:41","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T15:09:41","slug":"how-the-contributions-of-the-2024-nobel-laureates-will-shape-the-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ulatus.tw\/academy\/how-the-contributions-of-the-2024-nobel-laureates-will-shape-the-future\/","title":{"rendered":"2024 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u672a\u4f86"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u8abf\u63a7\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u6838\u88c1\u8ecd\u7b49\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\uff0c2024 \u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u6df1\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e0d\u50c5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u7576\u4eca\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u9084\u70ba\u591a\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u6027\u9032\u6b65\u92ea\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u900f\u904e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u63a8\u9032\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u5176\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u9818\u57df\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0cJohn Hopfield \u548c Geoffrey Hinton\u69ae\u7372\u4e86 2024 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u3002Hopfield \u7684\u806f\u60f3\u8a18\u61b6\u6a21\u578b\u548c Hinton \u7684 Boltzmann \u6a5f\u5668\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6a5f\u5668\u8655\u7406\u548c\u8fa8\u8b58\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u8ca2\u737b\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u7406\u8ad6\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u5f9e\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u79d1\u5b78\u7b49\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u60f3\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ee5 Hopfield \u7db2\u8def\u548c Hinton \u7db2\u8def\u8a13\u7df4\u7684 AI \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65e9\u3001\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u5075\u6e2c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9810\u6e2c\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\u6c7d\u8eca\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u610f\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f97\u76ca\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5c07\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u6a5f\u5668\u800c\u8a00\u904e\u65bc\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6539\u8b8a\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5de5\u7a0b\u8207\u85e5\u7269\u767c\u73fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

David Baker\u3001Demis Hassabis \u548c John Jumper\u5171\u540c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u9810\u6e2c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/p>\n

Baker\u5728\u5168\u65b0\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5de5\u4f5c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u770b\u5230\u5b9a\u5236\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u74b0\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u764c\u75c7\u9776\u5411\u6cbb\u7642\u6216\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u578b\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u61c9\u5c0d\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u8010\u85e5\u6027\u7b49\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6230\u65b9\u9762\u5e36\u4f86\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n

Hassabis \u548c Jumper \u6240\u958b\u767c\u7684\u7528\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7d50\u69cb\u7684 AI \u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u5f97\u5230\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a1\u7528\u3002\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u5e7e\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u5177\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u52a0\u901f\u85e5\u7269\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u52a0\u5feb\u7576\u524d\u70ba\u6578\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u958b\u767c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u9032\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8907\u96dc\u751f\u7269\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u70ba\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u5404\u7a2e\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u92ea\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230 2030 \u5e74\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u61c9\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u6311\u6230\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5851\u6599\u964d\u89e3\u548c\u78b3\u6355\u6349\uff09\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u4e16\u754c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u7206\u70b8\u5016\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u8349\u6839\u7d44\u7e54 Nihon Hidankyo\u69ae\u7372\u4e862024 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u548c\u5e73\u734e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5011\u70ba\u63d0\u5021\u7121\u6838\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e0d\u61c8\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u50c5\u7a81\u986f\u4e86\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u547c\u7c72\u4eba\u5011\u95dc\u6ce8\u6838\u64f4\u6563\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6838\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u4ecd\u7136\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5021\u8b70\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u88c1\u8ecd\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u4f86\uff0cNihon Hidankyo \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4fc3\u4f7f\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u52aa\u529b\u9650\u5236\u751a\u81f3\u6d88\u9664\u6838\u6b66\u5eab\u3002\u5982\u679c\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u97ff\u61c9\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u547c\u7c72\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5728\u6d88\u9664\u6838\u6b66\u5eab\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u6709\u529b\u7684\u689d\u7d04\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u5021\u8b70\u3002\u9019\u5c07\u662f\u78ba\u4fdd\u5168\u7403\u9577\u671f\u548c\u5e73\u8207\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a8\u52d5\u57fa\u56e0\u8abf\u63a7\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u91ab\u7642<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u6216\u91ab\u5b78\u9818\u57df\uff0c Victor Ambros \u548c Gary Ruvkun\u56e0\u767c\u73fe microRNA\u800c\u69ae\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5fae\u5c0f RNA \u5206\u5b50\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u8abf\u63a7\u4e2d\u8d77\u8457\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5 MicroRNA \u53ef\u8abf\u7bc0\u6578\u4ee5\u5343\u8a08\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u5f9e\u80da\u80ce\u767c\u80b2\u5230\u764c\u75c7\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8abf\u63a7\u5c64\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7642\u8907\u96dc\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u900f\u904e\u7279\u5b9a\u9776\u5411\u7684 microRNA\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u7528\u4ee5\u9810\u9632\u6216\u9006\u8f49\u764c\u75c7\u3001\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u9000\u5316\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7b49\u75c5\u75c7\u7684\u7642\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u57fa\u65bcmicroRNA\u7684\u7642\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u91ab\u7642\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u57fa\u56e0\u8abf\u63a7\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c07\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u500b\u5225\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5be6\u73fe\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3001\u5275\u50b7\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u767c\u73fe\u4e5f\u70ba\u518d\u751f\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u6253\u958b\u4e86\u5927\u9580\uff0c\u5c0d\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u9054\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u53d7\u640d\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u518d\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u900f\u904e\u5236\u5ea6\u8b8a\u9769\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u7d93\u6fdf\u8f49\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daron Acemoglu\u3001Simon Johnson \u548c James Robinson\u69ae\u7372\u4e86\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u901a\u904e\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u5851\u9020\u7d93\u6fdf\u7e41\u69ae\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u5f97\u734e\u8005\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u66f4\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u66f4\u6c38\u7e8c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u9f13\u52f5\u5ee3\u6cdb\u53c3\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5c07\u66f4\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u9019\u6703\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u767c\u5c55\u7b56\u7565\u7522\u751f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5f8c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u985e\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u7e41\u69ae\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5e7e\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u5728\u6e1b\u5c11\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u8ddd\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u7d93\u6fdf\u5fa9\u539f\u80fd\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9762\u81e8\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6216\u7d93\u6fdf\u8870\u9000\u7684\u5730\u5340\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5275\u9020\u66f4\u5177\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u5716\uff0cAcemoglu \u3001Johnson \u548c Robinson \u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u8f49\u578b\u548c\u6539\u5584\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u900f\u904e\u5bcc\u6709\u8a69\u610f\u7684\u6563\u6587\u9762\u5c0d\u5275\u50b7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u97d3\u570b\u4f5c\u5bb6 Han Kang\u69ae\u7372\u4e86\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u6587\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u5979 \u300c\u76f4\u9762\u6b77\u53f2\u5275\u50b7\u3001\u63ed\u9732\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u547d\u8106\u5f31\u4e14\u5145\u6eff\u8a69\u610f\u7684\u6563\u6587\u300d\u3002Han \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u97d3\u570b\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u6b77\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u82e6\u96e3\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4ecd\u7136\u98fd\u53d7\u5275\u50b7\u548c\u9069\u61c9\u529b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u5171\u9cf4\u3002<\/p>\n

Han Kang \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c07\u97d3\u570b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5e36\u5165\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u5979\u5275\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u548c\u5bcc\u6709\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u5c07\u672c\u571f\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u806f\u4fc2\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9762\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u6703\u52d5\u76ea\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c07\u6709\u529b\u5730\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u97cc\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u8996\u904e\u53bb\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u7d50<\/strong><\/p>\n

2024 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u4e0d\u50c5\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u95dc\u9375\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u70ba\u5145\u6eff\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u6838\u88c1\u8ecd\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u8abf\u63a7\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7406\u8ad6\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u5851\u9020\u6211\u5011\u7576\u524d\u6240\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u7e7c\u7e8c\u767c\u63ee\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7372\u734e\u8005\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u986f\u7136\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u5404\u9818\u57df\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u6a5f\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n

\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u64c1\u6709\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u53d7\u773e\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8072\u8b7d\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528\u5b78\u8853\u7ffb\u8b6f<\/a>\u4f86\u514b\u670d\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u5168\u7403\u8b80\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u4ee5\u95b1\u8b80\u60a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u8abf\u63a7\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u6838\u88c1\u8ecd\u7b49\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\uff0c2024 \u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u7522\u751f\u6df1\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e0d\u50c5\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u7576\u4eca\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u9084\u70ba\u591a\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u6027\u9032\u6b65\u92ea\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u63a8\u9032\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167 \u56e0\u5176\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u9818\u57df\u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0cJohn Hopfield \u548c Geoffrey Hinton\u69ae\u7372\u4e86 2024 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u3002Hopfield \u7684\u806f\u60f3\u8a18\u61b6\u6a21\u578b\u548c Hinton \u7684 Boltzmann \u6a5f\u5668\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6a5f\u5668\u8655\u7406\u548c\u8fa8\u8b58\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u8ca2\u737b\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u7406\u8ad6\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u5f9e\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u79d1\u5b78\u7b49\u5404\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u60f3\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ee5 Hopfield \u7db2\u8def\u548c Hinton \u7db2\u8def\u8a13\u7df4\u7684 AI \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65e9\u3001\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u5075\u6e2c\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9810\u6e2c\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7d71\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\u6c7d\u8eca\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u610f\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 \u5f97\u76ca\u65bc\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5c07\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u6a5f\u5668\u800c\u8a00\u904e\u65bc\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u6539\u8b8a\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5de5\u7a0b\u8207\u85e5\u7269\u767c\u73fe David Baker\u3001Demis Hassabis \u548c John Jumper\u5171\u540c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u9810\u6e2c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002 Baker\u5728\u5168\u65b0\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5de5\u4f5c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u770b\u5230\u5b9a\u5236\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u74b0\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u764c\u75c7\u9776\u5411\u6cbb\u7642\u6216\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u578b\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u6750\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u61c9\u5c0d\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u8010\u85e5\u6027\u7b49\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6230\u65b9\u9762\u5e36\u4f86\u7a81\u7834\u3002 Hassabis \u548c Jumper \u6240\u958b\u767c\u7684\u7528\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7d50\u69cb\u7684 AI \u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u5f97\u5230\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a1\u7528\u3002\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u5e7e\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u5177\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u52a0\u901f\u85e5\u7269\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u52a0\u5feb\u7576\u524d\u70ba\u6578\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u958b\u767c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u9032\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8907\u96dc\u751f\u7269\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u70ba\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u5404\u7a2e\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u92ea\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u3002 \u5230 2030 \u5e74\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u61c9\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u6311\u6230\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5851\u6599\u964d\u89e3\u548c\u78b3\u6355\u6349\uff09\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u4e16\u754c \u65e5\u672c\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u7206\u70b8\u5016\u5b58\u8005\u7684\u8349\u6839\u7d44\u7e54 Nihon Hidankyo\u69ae\u7372\u4e862024 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